Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement. It is named after Dr. James Parkinson, who first described the condition in 1817. The disease is characterized by tremors, stiffness, and bradykinesia (slowness of movement), often leading to significant impairment in the quality of life. Understanding Parkinson’s disease, its symptoms, and treatment options is crucial for those affected and their families. NHS Neurocare, under the guidance of experts like Dr. Surbhi Mahajan, is at the forefront of
providing comprehensive care for individuals with Parkinson’s disease.

What is Parkinson Disease

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, particularly affecting the motor system. It occurs due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals in the brain that coordinate smooth and balanced muscle movements. The loss of these neurons leads to the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s. The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease is still unknown, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases are linked to specific genetic mutations, but most cases of Parkinson’s are sporadic, meaning they occur randomly
without a known cause.

Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

The symptoms of Parkinson’s disease vary from person to person and often start gradually. The most common symptoms include:

  1. Tremors: Usually starting in one hand, these are rhythmic shaking movements, often beginning in the fingers or hands, then spread to the other side, usually present at rest, sometimes can be present on action as well.
  2. Bradykinesia: This is the slowing down of movement. Simple tasks may become time consuming, and patients may drag their feet or struggle with fine motor skills.
  3. Rigidity: Stiffness in the limbs and trunk can lead to discomfort and pain. This can also affect the range of motion.
  4. Postural Instability: Balance and coordination issues may arise, leading to an increased risk of falls.
  5. Other Symptoms: These can include changes in speech and writing, depression, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment in advanced stages.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing Parkinson’s disease primarily involves clinical evaluation by a neurologist. There is no definitive test for Parkinson’s, so the diagnosis is based on medical history, symptoms, and a neurological examination. In some cases, imaging tests such as MRI or DaTscan may be used to rule out other conditions. Treatment for Parkinson’s disease is multifaceted and aims to manage symptoms, as there is currently no cure. The approach includes:

  1.  Medications: The most common treatment involves medications that increase or substitute for dopamine. Levodopa, often combined with carbidopa, is the most effective drug for managing symptoms. Other medications include dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors, and COMT inhibitors.
  2. Surgical Options: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure where electrodes are implanted in specific parts of the brain to regulate abnormal impulses. It is usually considered for patients with advanced Parkinson’s who do not respond well to medication.
  3. Physical Therapy: Exercise and physical therapy play a crucial role in maintaining mobility, flexibility, and balance. Therapists work on improving gait, strength, and coordination.
  4. Speech Therapy: As Parkinson’s can affect speech and swallowing, speech therapy is often recommended to help patients communicate more effectively and manage swallowing difficulties.
  5. Lifestyle Changes: A healthy diet, regular exercise, and mental health support are essential components of managing Parkinson’s disease.

The Role of NHS Neurocare in Parkinson’s Management

NHS Neurocare is dedicated to providing specialized care for patients with neurological conditions, including Parkinson’s disease. The team at NHS Neurocare understands that managing Parkinson’s is not just about treating symptoms; it’s about improving the overall quality of life for patients and their families.

With a multidisciplinary approach, NHS Neurocare offers a range of services tailored to the unique needs of each patient. Dr. Surbhi Mahajan, a leading neurologist at NHS Neurocare, emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and a personalized treatment plan. “Every patient with Parkinson’s disease experiences the condition differently. Our goal at NHS Neurocare is to create a treatment plan that addresses not only the physical symptoms but also the emotional and psychological aspects of the disease,” says Dr. Mahajan.

Research and Advancements

Research in Parkinson’s disease is ongoing, with many studies focusing on finding new treatments, understanding the underlying causes, and eventually finding a cure. At NHS Neurocare (A Unit of NHS Hospital), research is a key component of their mission. The institution collaborates with various research organizations and participates in clinical trials to offer patients access to the latest treatments and therapies. Dr. Surbhi Mahajan is actively involved in research projects aimed at understanding the progression of Parkinson’s disease and utilising new therapeutic approaches. Her work has contributed to significant advancements in the field, particularly in the area of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s, such as cognitive decline and depression.